"Talent is only ten percent, the other is hard work"
We are often afraid when someone said if we does not have any talent. We are also still alive in people like that. That is, talent is still considered the only important factor in our life. See, a child who can sing, while there is a child who can not sing. Society tends to say that the first child have talant, while the second child does not have singing talent. However, if people had observed a changes when the children in the next? Children have certain changes.
Son of a musician who can sing and play musical instrument is not as advanced talent. But, he continues to practice every day. Their parents are always trained to play music. Moreover, they participate in educating people and providing examples of how to play music. And again, in the their house there are few music instrument where the musican’s chidl can learn. However, not all child performers can sing.
Does a minister have the talent to become a minister? Talent is a little skill, someone can determine, but the talent is not the only factor. Because, if someone really believed in talent, he can not do anything in the future.
Since small, I did not have any talent to be the author. Even, my parents never said I have the talent to write. I only have a strong confidence course.
I also did not have the talent to swim, but I can swim now. When I was a Child, I used to swim with my friends in the river, called “Winongo”, east of my home. Almost every day. Because I often bathe in the river and play, so I can swim. I only exercise little by little. My Ear and nose have a little water. However, I believe that is a swim consequences. That time, I just want to swim alone, without the talent as a determinant factor.
It means, writing and swimming are the same. If you want to be able to swim, you must learn to go directly to the swimming pool. This is very different to learn about swimming. Learning "about" very theoretical and abstract. Learning "about" only imagination. He only moved in the level of ideas without self-actualization. People want to be able to swim must learn to swim (practice) and not about learning to swim (imagine).
Once again, I have never writing talent. How might have writing talent, if I did not write it advanced? In the the high school, there was literature subject. My teacher told that we had to wrote Short Stories (Cerpen). I'm confused, what should I write? I rarely read, let alone write “Cerpen”. But, then I remember, when the primary schools had joined the tourism school to my father in Tawangmangu, Surakarta. This place is famous for "gerojogan sewu waterfall". In that place, there are many monkeys, waterfalls, and the cold air.
"It’s god idea" said in my heart. Because, I have a limited in writting, then I create a simple one. The point to be written. The important things is the task of teachers is done. Then, I wrote.
From that process, I use for lessons in mathematics. I only have hard spirit to learn mathematics. I'm not smart, like my friends in the classroom. By slashing spirit and willpower, I can. I simply do shoptalk in mathematics. I do not know why, at that time. I only want to be alone.
In the other time, teacher of literaure assigned us to make the reviewer book from of author. That time I only found the paper book titled Armin Pane, Belenggu (cuffs). I read until the end and comment on my book. In fact, I can. I am writing just flows. In fact, if only to write it, I do not feel worse from my friends.
With the above fact, have I a talent to write? Not at all. I did not connect with the writing talent. I just need determination, confidence and want to be. Then, I will try how can create it. I push myself to be able to write. I continue to read, write, although rarely. Luckily, I have culture read since high school. Luckily also, my father is very generous buy the books although his salary not enough to do it.
So, there is no written terms of talent. That means, do not deal talent with writing skills. You just need persistence and confidence. Ask the author famous, whether they can write because the talent? The answer, certainly not.
Read More......
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
Spiral of Silence Theory in Indonesia
Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann is a professor emeritus of communication research Institute fur Publiziztik Germany. He has introduced a spiral of silence theory. This theory first appeared in 1984 in his writings, entitled “The Spiral of Silence”. Essentially, this theory would like to answer the question, why people from minority groups often feel it necessary to hide the opinions and views are in the majority group? In other words, they often hide “something" when they are in the majority group.
Individuals who are in the majority group often feel it necessary to change the opinion. Because, if they do not change its opinion, they will be feel alone. This fact can be observed on individual immigrants in a community group. They need to feel like the silent majority of the group for behind the opinion itself. They even felt the need to change in accordance with the majority of the group where they are.
Focus of Noelle-Neumann study is the role of this opinion in the social interaction. As we know, public opinion as an issue controversial will thrive when presented through the mass media. This means that public opinion people also formed, organized, reduced by the role of mass media. So, there are close linkages between the opinions of the mass media. Opinion is growing in the majority of the group and someone tends to silent (the basic theory as a basis spiral of silence) because he come from minority groups can also be influenced by issues of mass media.
To explain this theory can be illustrated in the case in Indonesia. In Indonesia, there are two large groups agree with the practice of democracy that does not.
For a group that pro-democratic practice, the practice of political democracy is the most good at this time. Democracy will make Indonesia will be a prosperous nation in the future. Other assumption, that the society is the main pillars of the country, then democracy must be run in various aspects of life. While, the opponent for the Democratic group, said that we already have in their own way and set the state of Indonesian society. We have “Pancasila” and our nation emphasize in unity important (Bhineka Tunggal Ika/unity in diversity). Democracy will only threaten the harmony of life for this. Some of Muslim said that Islamic Democracy is the best.
Many of difference of that opinions discourse not only in daily discourse but also through the mass media. Two opinion that pro and contra equally strong. However, in line with developments and changes in world politics, the idea of democracy that can be ultimately victorious. They who reject the democracy began earlier soften. Then, Muslim intellectual accept that democracy too. Their reason is that in Islam there is democracy Meanwhile, a group that was more democratic opponent choose silent. The majority opinion is the growing support of the practice of democracy in Indonesia.
Currently, almost non-existent people who are straight-out reject the practice of democracy in Indonesia. They are used to reject the democracy fellow in the group, differences in opinion began to hide, still and even started to support the idea of democracy.
In Noelle-Neumann’s observation, called the incident such as the "Spiral of Silence." That case is also observed Noelle Neumann in the general election in Germany on an 60-year supporter of the Social Democratic party with the Christian Democrats. Read More......
Individuals who are in the majority group often feel it necessary to change the opinion. Because, if they do not change its opinion, they will be feel alone. This fact can be observed on individual immigrants in a community group. They need to feel like the silent majority of the group for behind the opinion itself. They even felt the need to change in accordance with the majority of the group where they are.
Focus of Noelle-Neumann study is the role of this opinion in the social interaction. As we know, public opinion as an issue controversial will thrive when presented through the mass media. This means that public opinion people also formed, organized, reduced by the role of mass media. So, there are close linkages between the opinions of the mass media. Opinion is growing in the majority of the group and someone tends to silent (the basic theory as a basis spiral of silence) because he come from minority groups can also be influenced by issues of mass media.
To explain this theory can be illustrated in the case in Indonesia. In Indonesia, there are two large groups agree with the practice of democracy that does not.
For a group that pro-democratic practice, the practice of political democracy is the most good at this time. Democracy will make Indonesia will be a prosperous nation in the future. Other assumption, that the society is the main pillars of the country, then democracy must be run in various aspects of life. While, the opponent for the Democratic group, said that we already have in their own way and set the state of Indonesian society. We have “Pancasila” and our nation emphasize in unity important (Bhineka Tunggal Ika/unity in diversity). Democracy will only threaten the harmony of life for this. Some of Muslim said that Islamic Democracy is the best.
Many of difference of that opinions discourse not only in daily discourse but also through the mass media. Two opinion that pro and contra equally strong. However, in line with developments and changes in world politics, the idea of democracy that can be ultimately victorious. They who reject the democracy began earlier soften. Then, Muslim intellectual accept that democracy too. Their reason is that in Islam there is democracy Meanwhile, a group that was more democratic opponent choose silent. The majority opinion is the growing support of the practice of democracy in Indonesia.
Currently, almost non-existent people who are straight-out reject the practice of democracy in Indonesia. They are used to reject the democracy fellow in the group, differences in opinion began to hide, still and even started to support the idea of democracy.
In Noelle-Neumann’s observation, called the incident such as the "Spiral of Silence." That case is also observed Noelle Neumann in the general election in Germany on an 60-year supporter of the Social Democratic party with the Christian Democrats. Read More......
Cultivation Theory in Indonesia
George Gerbner is a professor who introduce cultivation theory when he became dean Annenberg School of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania United States (U.S.). The first text that introduces the theory is the "Living with Television: The Violence profile", Journal of Communication. Initially, he conducted research on the Cultural Indicators in the medium of 1960 year to study the influence of watching television. In other words, he wanted to know the real world be like that, reflected by the television audience? It means, cultivation theory based on research on the impact of television.
According to this cultivation theory, television became the main and media tool or where the television audience to learn about community and their culture. In other words, the perception of what is awakened in your mind about people and culture are determined by television. This means that, through contacts with television, you learn about the world, people, values and customs.
Early, cultivation theory has interest in television and audience studies, particularly focusing on the theme of violence on television. But in its development, it also can be used to other theme of violence. For example, a student at an American University had an observation about heavy viewers of soap opera. In fact, they (classified that heavy viewer) let’s do affairs, and divorced from the actual drop in the non-addicted (Dominic, 1990).
Even, with the cultivation frame of reference, there are differences between the views of parents with teenagers on a problem. Through differences of cultivation, parents are shown on television is negative. Even the heavy viewers of television (especially the young) have more negative views about the parents than non heavy viewers. Why is all happened? Actually, television has always showed the negative side of the parents. For example, how often they look old-fashioned in understanding and completing the cases related to young people. As if, the heavy viewers do not aware that television have negative influence, especially for their attitudes and behaviour.
Heavy viewers will assume that what happens in the television is the real world. For example, about violence that occurred in the community. They will say that because of violence as social problems from impact of television. In fact, the main factor may be is cultural shock from traditional to modern. Also, heavy viewers said that someone likely to be victims of crime is 1:10, the number is in fact 1:50. They also estimate that 20 percent of the total world population living in the United States, while only 6 percent only. In other words, heavy viewers assessment, perceptions, opinions depend on what they see on television. Then, they assume that what the television show is the real world indeed.
Sinetron (private television Indonesia program, like a soap opera) played at this time the same. For example “Tersanjung” (flettered), “Pernikahan Dini” (Early Marriage), “Penghormatan” (Honorary) and others. Individual in that sinetron always discuss about conflict between the parents with children and pregnant outside marriage (married by accident/MBA). Heavy viewers say that there are pregnant outside marriage beyond of society. Because private television Indonesia has shown like that too. That opinion maybe not true, but in other case it’s not wrong. The heavy viewers believe that what happens in the community as it is reflected in the sinetron. Dispute and conflict between parents and children are one of the examples.
In the audience mind (especially heavy viewers) there is opinion that all of children rebelled to parents about the differences each other. They believe that television program is portrait of the real world. Although there are a few children who still respect or obedience on their parents.
Gerbner argues that mass media inculcate certain values and attitudes. Then, media disseminate the values and attitudes among community members and binding together. In other words, the media affect the audience and each audience is believed in. Thus, the heavy viewers have the same trend each others.
Research of cultivation emphasized that the mass media as agents of socialization and research, whether television audience more believe what they watch on television than the real world. Gerbner and his friends see that the film drama that is presented on television have little influence but is very important in changing attitudes, beliefs, views in relations with social environment.
Television, as observed by Gerbner is dominate "symbolic environment" us.. As McQuail and Windahl (1993) once said, cultivation theory assumes that television is not only a window and reflection of everyday life, but the world itself. Gerbner (as Bandura said) also argued that the illustration of scenes of violence on television is a more symbolic message about the law and rules.
In other words, the behaviour of violence showing on television is a reflection on the events around us. If scenes of violence that reflect the rule of law can not overcome the situation such as that depicted in the scenes of television, so you can actually occur as well. So, television violence is considered as violence that is currently happening in the world. Rule of law that can be used to overcome the evil behaviour that will be on the television as it is said that our current law.
If we watch shows like “Buser” (RCTI), “Patroli” (Indosiar), “Sergap” (SCTV) private television in Indonesia will be seen some of the crimes committed. In that pogram, many examples of crimes that are indicated. In the view cultivation said that the scenes in the program describe our real world. As be shown on television program, crime our environment seems increase. Read More......
According to this cultivation theory, television became the main and media tool or where the television audience to learn about community and their culture. In other words, the perception of what is awakened in your mind about people and culture are determined by television. This means that, through contacts with television, you learn about the world, people, values and customs.
Early, cultivation theory has interest in television and audience studies, particularly focusing on the theme of violence on television. But in its development, it also can be used to other theme of violence. For example, a student at an American University had an observation about heavy viewers of soap opera. In fact, they (classified that heavy viewer) let’s do affairs, and divorced from the actual drop in the non-addicted (Dominic, 1990).
Even, with the cultivation frame of reference, there are differences between the views of parents with teenagers on a problem. Through differences of cultivation, parents are shown on television is negative. Even the heavy viewers of television (especially the young) have more negative views about the parents than non heavy viewers. Why is all happened? Actually, television has always showed the negative side of the parents. For example, how often they look old-fashioned in understanding and completing the cases related to young people. As if, the heavy viewers do not aware that television have negative influence, especially for their attitudes and behaviour.
Heavy viewers will assume that what happens in the television is the real world. For example, about violence that occurred in the community. They will say that because of violence as social problems from impact of television. In fact, the main factor may be is cultural shock from traditional to modern. Also, heavy viewers said that someone likely to be victims of crime is 1:10, the number is in fact 1:50. They also estimate that 20 percent of the total world population living in the United States, while only 6 percent only. In other words, heavy viewers assessment, perceptions, opinions depend on what they see on television. Then, they assume that what the television show is the real world indeed.
Sinetron (private television Indonesia program, like a soap opera) played at this time the same. For example “Tersanjung” (flettered), “Pernikahan Dini” (Early Marriage), “Penghormatan” (Honorary) and others. Individual in that sinetron always discuss about conflict between the parents with children and pregnant outside marriage (married by accident/MBA). Heavy viewers say that there are pregnant outside marriage beyond of society. Because private television Indonesia has shown like that too. That opinion maybe not true, but in other case it’s not wrong. The heavy viewers believe that what happens in the community as it is reflected in the sinetron. Dispute and conflict between parents and children are one of the examples.
In the audience mind (especially heavy viewers) there is opinion that all of children rebelled to parents about the differences each other. They believe that television program is portrait of the real world. Although there are a few children who still respect or obedience on their parents.
Gerbner argues that mass media inculcate certain values and attitudes. Then, media disseminate the values and attitudes among community members and binding together. In other words, the media affect the audience and each audience is believed in. Thus, the heavy viewers have the same trend each others.
Research of cultivation emphasized that the mass media as agents of socialization and research, whether television audience more believe what they watch on television than the real world. Gerbner and his friends see that the film drama that is presented on television have little influence but is very important in changing attitudes, beliefs, views in relations with social environment.
Television, as observed by Gerbner is dominate "symbolic environment" us.. As McQuail and Windahl (1993) once said, cultivation theory assumes that television is not only a window and reflection of everyday life, but the world itself. Gerbner (as Bandura said) also argued that the illustration of scenes of violence on television is a more symbolic message about the law and rules.
In other words, the behaviour of violence showing on television is a reflection on the events around us. If scenes of violence that reflect the rule of law can not overcome the situation such as that depicted in the scenes of television, so you can actually occur as well. So, television violence is considered as violence that is currently happening in the world. Rule of law that can be used to overcome the evil behaviour that will be on the television as it is said that our current law.
If we watch shows like “Buser” (RCTI), “Patroli” (Indosiar), “Sergap” (SCTV) private television in Indonesia will be seen some of the crimes committed. In that pogram, many examples of crimes that are indicated. In the view cultivation said that the scenes in the program describe our real world. As be shown on television program, crime our environment seems increase. Read More......
Mass Media in Indonesia and Challenge of Objectivity
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) urge that the mass media of Indonesia do accuracy, balance and self-censorship. He also expects misunderstandings between the government, society and the mass media do not occur. President said it in a meeting with leaders of the mass media in the State Palace some time ago. This article will discuss what has been done and the mass media and the government should do.
Objectivity
The Government is concerned that if the mass media have lost the spirit of objectivity in news writing. President hopes that the media do self-censorship. In the other word, he said that the mass media is very weak in the self censorship.
Talking about media objectivity, we will not be able to discuss about the facts, opinions, and fiction. Westerstahl (Mc Quail, 2000), once said that the objective is to load factuality and impartiality. Factuality means truth in which the accuracy holds (directly and carefully), and link the things to be relevant (relevance). Meanwhile, the balance requires impartialities (balance) and neutrality in the reveal something.
Thus, objectivity of information is always honesty, the adequacy of the data, and separates the truth from fiction and self-opinion. It was also necessary to prevent themselves from pursuing something that just simply sensational.
What's been raised by Westerstahl, in practice objectivity is not easy to be translated. Mass media can not be separated from subjectivities or subjectivities that objective. Subjectivities appear if the mass media proclaim an incident that never happened. Meanwhile, the subjectivities that objectives occurred when the mass media straightforward or does not tend to defend a party that is being made. What is it written based on facts that occurred (objective) but are written subjectively.
That case often happens in mass media policy. Even, the newspaper of New York Times (NYT) that have been aged 100 years and 20 presidential guard U.S. interests can not be separated from it. Noam Chomsky once wrote that NYT way of approach is very elitist in nature and emphasizes the importance in the U.S. see the third world countries. Problems in East Timor, Indonesia, for example, NYT is very little writing, while in Vietnam (the U.S. has interests there) so much. But on an 70-year, in much of East Timor human rights violations occur that require serious attention to the real newspapers NYT (Haryanto, 2006).
Moreover, the mass media in Indonesia has not been a century yet, is clearly not easy to do the writing objectivity. It means not defending the media, but we also need to see the other side around the mass media. At least compared to the New Order era, Indonesian mass media at this time is better.
That is not less interesting is the objectivity that occurred on our television media in some cases, it break the objectivity more. We can look at events “entertainment show”. Private television in Indonesia often confound between fact and opinion.
The statement reading by the narrator of events or parties often accuse specific and direct spectators to agree and not agree to the reality that shown. Although, they are only illustrations of what is presented. Words such as "truly tragic", "unfortunately", "no chance" and so on into a concrete example tend it.
Why does it happen? For those who are involved in the event it is not a lot of infotainment that background of journalism. Result, they produce events for the taste of the market. In this case, the power producers are very strong.
In the case of polygamy the Aa Gym (KH Abdullah Gymnastiar one of Islamic Opinion Leader) mass media of Indonesia has succeeded it accuse and influence public opinion to protest. No one really, but it should unilaterally proclaim in? This is separated from and does not agree against polygamy.
Due to the communication is also not proportional, injustice in the community going. For example, why did people protest Aa Gym that marriage again, although legal, approved by first wife and use his funds? How is our energy decrease so we only take the problem of corruption that while polygamy override legislative members and the government often escape from our observations? How are the regions with legislative salary request with a high basic PP no. 37/2006?
Watch Dog
The government, as cited SBY, had worries about objectivity of mass media. However the media have a duty as a watch dog. If the government is not fair, should enable the mass media itself as the watch dog. If mass media do not do that activity, who else? Through various mass media, government and legislative mistake can be controled by the people.
Mass media as a watch dog have the task to display the news, and facts that have to be known by the public. With it, the community continue the media coverage. Next, submit to the court.
If mass media do not watch the dog, the Indonesian system of government will never be better. Corruption will continue to occur, and increasing inequality. Here the role mass media plays an important role.
For the mass media is so partisan it is very difficult to be translated. Because, they are under a certain interest. However, between criticizing the government or defend the government, mass media should choose the second. For where, when and who are in power tend not criticized. Generally, they want to establishment and no flaming. Abuse of power will be increase in such conditions. Lord Acton once said,”Power tends to corrupt, but absolute power corrupt absolutely”.
(Source: Nurudin, “Media Massa dan Tantangan Objektivitas”, Solo Pos, 17 Januari 2007). Read More......
Objectivity
The Government is concerned that if the mass media have lost the spirit of objectivity in news writing. President hopes that the media do self-censorship. In the other word, he said that the mass media is very weak in the self censorship.
Talking about media objectivity, we will not be able to discuss about the facts, opinions, and fiction. Westerstahl (Mc Quail, 2000), once said that the objective is to load factuality and impartiality. Factuality means truth in which the accuracy holds (directly and carefully), and link the things to be relevant (relevance). Meanwhile, the balance requires impartialities (balance) and neutrality in the reveal something.
Thus, objectivity of information is always honesty, the adequacy of the data, and separates the truth from fiction and self-opinion. It was also necessary to prevent themselves from pursuing something that just simply sensational.
What's been raised by Westerstahl, in practice objectivity is not easy to be translated. Mass media can not be separated from subjectivities or subjectivities that objective. Subjectivities appear if the mass media proclaim an incident that never happened. Meanwhile, the subjectivities that objectives occurred when the mass media straightforward or does not tend to defend a party that is being made. What is it written based on facts that occurred (objective) but are written subjectively.
That case often happens in mass media policy. Even, the newspaper of New York Times (NYT) that have been aged 100 years and 20 presidential guard U.S. interests can not be separated from it. Noam Chomsky once wrote that NYT way of approach is very elitist in nature and emphasizes the importance in the U.S. see the third world countries. Problems in East Timor, Indonesia, for example, NYT is very little writing, while in Vietnam (the U.S. has interests there) so much. But on an 70-year, in much of East Timor human rights violations occur that require serious attention to the real newspapers NYT (Haryanto, 2006).
Moreover, the mass media in Indonesia has not been a century yet, is clearly not easy to do the writing objectivity. It means not defending the media, but we also need to see the other side around the mass media. At least compared to the New Order era, Indonesian mass media at this time is better.
That is not less interesting is the objectivity that occurred on our television media in some cases, it break the objectivity more. We can look at events “entertainment show”. Private television in Indonesia often confound between fact and opinion.
The statement reading by the narrator of events or parties often accuse specific and direct spectators to agree and not agree to the reality that shown. Although, they are only illustrations of what is presented. Words such as "truly tragic", "unfortunately", "no chance" and so on into a concrete example tend it.
Why does it happen? For those who are involved in the event it is not a lot of infotainment that background of journalism. Result, they produce events for the taste of the market. In this case, the power producers are very strong.
In the case of polygamy the Aa Gym (KH Abdullah Gymnastiar one of Islamic Opinion Leader) mass media of Indonesia has succeeded it accuse and influence public opinion to protest. No one really, but it should unilaterally proclaim in? This is separated from and does not agree against polygamy.
Due to the communication is also not proportional, injustice in the community going. For example, why did people protest Aa Gym that marriage again, although legal, approved by first wife and use his funds? How is our energy decrease so we only take the problem of corruption that while polygamy override legislative members and the government often escape from our observations? How are the regions with legislative salary request with a high basic PP no. 37/2006?
Watch Dog
The government, as cited SBY, had worries about objectivity of mass media. However the media have a duty as a watch dog. If the government is not fair, should enable the mass media itself as the watch dog. If mass media do not do that activity, who else? Through various mass media, government and legislative mistake can be controled by the people.
Mass media as a watch dog have the task to display the news, and facts that have to be known by the public. With it, the community continue the media coverage. Next, submit to the court.
If mass media do not watch the dog, the Indonesian system of government will never be better. Corruption will continue to occur, and increasing inequality. Here the role mass media plays an important role.
For the mass media is so partisan it is very difficult to be translated. Because, they are under a certain interest. However, between criticizing the government or defend the government, mass media should choose the second. For where, when and who are in power tend not criticized. Generally, they want to establishment and no flaming. Abuse of power will be increase in such conditions. Lord Acton once said,”Power tends to corrupt, but absolute power corrupt absolutely”.
(Source: Nurudin, “Media Massa dan Tantangan Objektivitas”, Solo Pos, 17 Januari 2007). Read More......
Mass Media and News Bias in Death of Soeharto
If you watched television news about the death of former president Soeharto, there was something strange. Almost all of mass media (print and electronic) was poor of criticism.
All coverage in the media is nearly uniform. They proclaim the positive things about the former of New Order’s leader (Penguasa Orde Baru/Orba). It was not intended, the mass media should proclaim the negative side only. However, media’s tend is very transparent. This also happens in the telling about Soeharto's funeral. Is it only happens on the mass media in the country? No. Mass media abroad is also not different. They also only expose the bad side of Soeharto without seeing the positive side for building the nation of Indonesian.
Washington Post have any posts down with the title in “Indonesia's Ex-Dictator Soeharto”. Meanwhile, there are other titles such as buried Soldier, Savoir, Strongman, Crook (Newsweek), Suharto of Indonesia Tyrant, Dies facing Without Justice (The Independent), President Soeharto, 86; Indonesian ruler Mixed Legacy of the Left Prosperity and Untold deaths (LA Times), Suharto, Former President of Indonesia and Brutal Rules, Dies (Times online), and others. A clear, what has been described in some foreign media that seemed negative about Soeharto.
See the difference be telling the media in and outside the country, we think. How was mass media brought up to current trends in one side only? This is where we need to discuss the objectivity of the media.
Objectivity
Talking about media objectivity, we can use the perspective that had submitted Westerstahl (Mc Quail, 2000). He once said, the objective must contain factuality and impartiality. Factuality means truth in which the accuracy holds (directly and carefully) and associates the things to be relevant (relevance).
Meanwhile, the balance requires impartiality (balance) and neutrality in the reveal something. Objectivity always contains honesty, just the data, correct and free of fiction and opinion. Objective also does not contain sensational. Objectivity’s Westerstahl in practice not easy to do.
Mass media can not be separated from the subjectivity or subjectivity that objective. Subjectivity means that if the mass media proclaim an incident that never happened. Subjectivity objectives that appear when the mass media defend one of the parties.
It can happen, if the media write the facts, but written in subjective. If we use these criteria, the mass media proclaim the Soeharto case is not significantly more objective. There is news that there is bias in every news of it. We can see the television when the television-Indonesia, starting Sunday (27/1/2008) until Monday afternoon (28/1/2008), proclaim Soeharto (since sick to death).
Almost all of Indonesian television only proclaims the positive Soeharto. In fact, several television stations owned by our select news sources from people close to her family. That means, we almost never read the news and watch how the public opinion Kedungombo (for example) when they should go home on Soeharto's death.
Also, public opinion about how the victim's family "Tragedi Trisakti 1998." As if all of that already full of hide agenda, and there is no news that critical television property. Perhaps, because of our lack of television. Thus, the television did not give details. However, the actual task can provide television reporter for the investigation to the field events than ceremonial burial Soeharto. In fact, Indonesian television proclaims the death of Soeharto cases the same.
Ideally
Pamela J. Shoemaker and Stephen D. Mediating Reese in his book Mediating The Message (1996) once said that the mass media have differences and similarities in the news.
This difference is influenced by: (1) individual level, (2) media-level routine, (3) organizational level, (4) extra media level, and (5) ideological level. So, the media is not independent institution free broadcast news. All news will be of interest outside the media. In fact, the more biased news reporter if lazy to make a field investigation.
Normally, journalists prefer to create news based on psychological reality (the official source of news). Psychological reality to make the mass media only builds on the journalism quote. Should build on the mass media psychological reality (and to direct the investigation and told to see the facts on the ground).
There are some notes related to the Indonesian mass media. First, in any situation, the mass media coverage should still do cover both sides, More great if all sides in writing.
Second, the mass media should stand itself as (the term property Jakob Oetama, 2003) “the search and the production of meaning”. Mass media must not only proclaim the fact linear, but the fact throughout. In other words, the facts need to complete with the background, process, and history.
Third, the mass media must determine the direction changes into the community and not only proclaim the fact. In other words, the mass media should bring positive changes in the future. When Soeharto proclaim death cases, mass media should not be stuck on the news and ceremonial official, but he should be able to lead, have, make readers more critical how the settlement of Soeharto's mistakes in the past.
That is the noble task of Indonesian mass media. (Source: Nurudin , “Bias Berita Media Soal Wafatnya Soeharto”, 30/1/2008). Read More......
All coverage in the media is nearly uniform. They proclaim the positive things about the former of New Order’s leader (Penguasa Orde Baru/Orba). It was not intended, the mass media should proclaim the negative side only. However, media’s tend is very transparent. This also happens in the telling about Soeharto's funeral. Is it only happens on the mass media in the country? No. Mass media abroad is also not different. They also only expose the bad side of Soeharto without seeing the positive side for building the nation of Indonesian.
Washington Post have any posts down with the title in “Indonesia's Ex-Dictator Soeharto”. Meanwhile, there are other titles such as buried Soldier, Savoir, Strongman, Crook (Newsweek), Suharto of Indonesia Tyrant, Dies facing Without Justice (The Independent), President Soeharto, 86; Indonesian ruler Mixed Legacy of the Left Prosperity and Untold deaths (LA Times), Suharto, Former President of Indonesia and Brutal Rules, Dies (Times online), and others. A clear, what has been described in some foreign media that seemed negative about Soeharto.
See the difference be telling the media in and outside the country, we think. How was mass media brought up to current trends in one side only? This is where we need to discuss the objectivity of the media.
Objectivity
Talking about media objectivity, we can use the perspective that had submitted Westerstahl (Mc Quail, 2000). He once said, the objective must contain factuality and impartiality. Factuality means truth in which the accuracy holds (directly and carefully) and associates the things to be relevant (relevance).
Meanwhile, the balance requires impartiality (balance) and neutrality in the reveal something. Objectivity always contains honesty, just the data, correct and free of fiction and opinion. Objective also does not contain sensational. Objectivity’s Westerstahl in practice not easy to do.
Mass media can not be separated from the subjectivity or subjectivity that objective. Subjectivity means that if the mass media proclaim an incident that never happened. Subjectivity objectives that appear when the mass media defend one of the parties.
It can happen, if the media write the facts, but written in subjective. If we use these criteria, the mass media proclaim the Soeharto case is not significantly more objective. There is news that there is bias in every news of it. We can see the television when the television-Indonesia, starting Sunday (27/1/2008) until Monday afternoon (28/1/2008), proclaim Soeharto (since sick to death).
Almost all of Indonesian television only proclaims the positive Soeharto. In fact, several television stations owned by our select news sources from people close to her family. That means, we almost never read the news and watch how the public opinion Kedungombo (for example) when they should go home on Soeharto's death.
Also, public opinion about how the victim's family "Tragedi Trisakti 1998." As if all of that already full of hide agenda, and there is no news that critical television property. Perhaps, because of our lack of television. Thus, the television did not give details. However, the actual task can provide television reporter for the investigation to the field events than ceremonial burial Soeharto. In fact, Indonesian television proclaims the death of Soeharto cases the same.
Ideally
Pamela J. Shoemaker and Stephen D. Mediating Reese in his book Mediating The Message (1996) once said that the mass media have differences and similarities in the news.
This difference is influenced by: (1) individual level, (2) media-level routine, (3) organizational level, (4) extra media level, and (5) ideological level. So, the media is not independent institution free broadcast news. All news will be of interest outside the media. In fact, the more biased news reporter if lazy to make a field investigation.
Normally, journalists prefer to create news based on psychological reality (the official source of news). Psychological reality to make the mass media only builds on the journalism quote. Should build on the mass media psychological reality (and to direct the investigation and told to see the facts on the ground).
There are some notes related to the Indonesian mass media. First, in any situation, the mass media coverage should still do cover both sides, More great if all sides in writing.
Second, the mass media should stand itself as (the term property Jakob Oetama, 2003) “the search and the production of meaning”. Mass media must not only proclaim the fact linear, but the fact throughout. In other words, the facts need to complete with the background, process, and history.
Third, the mass media must determine the direction changes into the community and not only proclaim the fact. In other words, the mass media should bring positive changes in the future. When Soeharto proclaim death cases, mass media should not be stuck on the news and ceremonial official, but he should be able to lead, have, make readers more critical how the settlement of Soeharto's mistakes in the past.
That is the noble task of Indonesian mass media. (Source: Nurudin , “Bias Berita Media Soal Wafatnya Soeharto”, 30/1/2008). Read More......
Do not Believe The Talent
"Talent is only ten percent, the other is hard work"
We are often afraid when someone said if we does not have any talent. We are also still alive in people like that. That is, talent is still considered the only important factor in our life. See, a child who can sing, while there is a child who can not sing. Society tends to say that the first child have talant, while the second child does not have singing talent. However, if people had observed a changes when the children in the next? Children have certain changes.
Son of a musician who can sing and play musical instrument is not as advanced talent. But, he continues to practice every day. Their parents are always trained to play music. Moreover, they participate in educating people and providing examples of how to play music. And again, in the their house there are few music instrument where the musican’s chidl can learn. However, not all child performers can sing.
Does a minister have the talent to become a minister? Talent is a little skill, someone can determine, but the talent is not the only factor. Because, if someone really believed in talent, he can not do anything in the future.
Since small, I did not have any talent to be the author. Even, my parents never said I have the talent to write. I only have a strong confidence course.
I also did not have the talent to swim, but I can swim now. When I was a Child, I used to swim with my friends in the river, called “Winongo”, east of my home. Almost every day. Because I often bathe in the river and play, so I can swim. I only exercise little by little. My Ear and nose have a little water. However, I believe that is a swim consequences. That time, I just want to swim alone, without the talent as a determinant factor.
It means, writing and swimming are the same. If you want to be able to swim, you must learn to go directly to the swimming pool. This is very different to learn about swimming. Learning "about" very theoretical and abstract. Learning "about" only imagination. He only moved in the level of ideas without self-actualization. People want to be able to swim must learn to swim (practice) and not about learning to swim (imagine).
Once again, I have never writing talent. How might have writing talent, if I did not write it advanced? In the the high school, there was literature subject. My teacher told that we had to wrote Short Stories (Cerpen). I'm confused, what should I write? I rarely read, let alone write “Cerpen”. But, then I remember, when the primary schools had joined the tourism school to my father in Tawangmangu, Surakarta. This place is famous for "gerojogan sewu waterfall". In that place, there are many monkeys, waterfalls, and the cold air.
"It’s god idea" said in my heart. Because, I have a limited in writting, then I create a simple one. The point to be written. The important things is the task of teachers is done. Then, I wrote.
From that process, I use for lessons in mathematics. I only have hard spirit to learn mathematics. I'm not smart, like my friends in the classroom. By slashing spirit and willpower, I can. I simply do shoptalk in mathematics. I do not know why, at that time. I only want to be alone.
In the other time, teacher of literaure assigned us to make the reviewer book from of author. That time I only found the paper book titled Armin Pane, Belenggu (cuffs). I read until the end and comment on my book. In fact, I can. I am writing just flows. In fact, if only to write it, I do not feel worse from my friends.
With the above fact, have I a talent to write? Not at all. I did not connect with the writing talent. I just need determination, confidence and want to be. Then, I will try how can create it. I push myself to be able to write. I continue to read, write, although rarely. Luckily, I have culture read since high school. Luckily also, my father is very generous buy the books although his salary not enough to do it.
So, there is no written terms of talent. That means, do not deal talent with writing skills. You just need persistence and confidence. Ask the author famous, whether they can write because the talent? The answer, certainly not.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
